The Script Consultant versus Me

I’ve been privy to hiring numerous “script consultants” around L.A. of varying abilities and value for money.  I tried Adam Levenberg’s services for the first time in an effort to unplug my creative plumbing. He’s been a creative executive for a while, working with various companies such as USA Films and other industry heavy hitters.

He’s unapologetic about his disdain for consultants who aren’t in regular contact with industry folk who can greenlight scripts or those who tell writers what they want to hear rather than what they need. A firm believer of tough love.

Back to my script consult. I submitted an early draft of my horror script called “Inhale. Exhale. Die.” for Adam to dissect. And dissect he did. Diligently. The first stage of the consulting process involves him reading the script and adding side notes in red via a cool PDF edit tool. His read was thorough, objective and considered. He did so much more than pick up the typos or make generic, platitudinous statements copied from script consultant handbooks, such as “character needs development” or “I don’t get this”. And given the early draft state of the script, he went to  town in a constructive way. He was surprisingly concerned about how I’d take his barrage of critique. I was overwhelmed by the sheer detail of information he delivered, but I listened, I digested and I rewrote.

He also added 5 pages of development notes in a separate document with useful guidance on how the script can be improved in terms of focus, main character goal, extraneous characters and scenes and plot. This really helped unleash my creativity. He showed respect for my vision without being overly didactic.

The third stage of the consult was a telephone discussion. Due to technological advancements, we skyped trans-continentally across several time zones. This wasn’t a forty-five minute timed discussion that ended with a disconnection when the stopwatch beeped. It lasted for over 2 hours. So drink plenty of water and take a 5 minute intermission at the 60 minute mark.

Adam likes to talk because he has a lot to say in terms of genre conventions, what A list actors  are looking for, how executives think, who’s buying what and why and similar industrial market intelligence that many writers aren’t privy to. So pay attention and take additional notes. I took 5 pages during our discussion.

Unlike some consultants, who try to impress writers with their encyclopedic knowledge of obscure films, Adam referenced similar contemporary films to my horror genre. He even researched pertinent information online during our discussion. Now that’s multi-tasking.

The conversation began with Adam asking about my overall concept goal. This would help him focus the discussion on how the project can be improved to fulfill my vision in a commercially exploitable way. He didn’t taint the discussion with inane, subjective quips such as “I like this script” or “I’d never see a film like that”. He was too caught up with the story elements and making them work.

Adam’s discussion also touched on how working (read highly paid) writers operate and advised me to that end. A list writers understand simplicity and clarity of concept, not adding too many subplots and unchanging logic; all factors which were apparent in my early draft. He also respected my vision despite with me not agreeing with all of his suggestions. This wasn’t a battle of wills with Adam hijacking the discussion with details of how he would approached the script; a major peeve of mine with other consultants. He stated that I needed to make story choices to make my story work. Is my main character sane or insane? He can’t be both without confusing the story.

I like to get very early drafts of my scripts read in order to help me find my true story, zone in on my theme, character’s goal and theme. A major symptom of early drafts is that story is too loose and unstructured. Adam wisely pointed out these flaws and posed some questions to help me tighten the script.

Adam is a no nonsense creative executive who is acutely aware of the increasingly competitive nature of the screenwriting business. He will be honest and direct about flaws and tries to influence writers’ mindsets by posing the questions creative executives ask. He won’t give false hopes to writers, nor will he denigrate them. His sole aim is to empower them.

If you really want in depth feedback on your script, rather than scant notes, development notes and career advice, I’d recommend Adam’s services. You can contact him at www.hireahollywoodexec.com.

How The TV Industry Works

The film and TV worlds differ greatly both in their creative scopes and the business models used to finance them. The key feature is that both use deficit funding to produce. Films rely on box office and ancillary markets (DVD, VOD etc) to generate profits, whereas TV relies on selling to networks and syndication.

There are three levels in the TV chain:

PRODUCTION COMPANIES: Have overall deals with networks and are financed by the studios to develop and produce TV shows on a first look basis. These are analogous to first look deals by production companies. They generally don’t have much money, but rather talent. That is why studios go into business with them.

An overall deal for a TV show typically ranges from $0.5 to 3 million. At any given time, studios may have 20-50 overall deal with production companies to feed their production chain.

THE TV CALENDAR
This is a typical production cycle for network TV. Cable TV follows a similar process, although the time frames are altered to allow for year round commissioning.

UPFRONT PRESENTATION/SELLING -  MAY – studios show pilots to networks, other buyers and advertisers.

STAFFING SEASON – APRIL to JUNEwriters get staffed onto shows.

DEVELOPMENT SEASON – JULY to OCTOBER – bought shows are developed into series depending on orders from the networks.

FALL SEASON – SEPTEMBER – new shows typically air after the summer break when ratings season commences.

SHOOTING SEASON – JANUARY to MAY – TV shows are filmed in readiness for the selling season.

Networks hear upwards of 1000 pitches for TV shows annually. They buy 75-100 projects (concepts) at the script commitment stage.

Of these, 15-30 scripts are shot. Around 4-8 are aired as new shows. 2-3 make it to through a whole season without being cancelled. Hopefully 1 of these new shows will be a hit. That’s a 0.1% chance of commercial success. Still, that’s a thousand times more probable than being struck by lightning!

Typically, an hour of network TV costs around $3 million to produce. Studios sell it to networks for $1.5 to 2 million. The shortfall is made up in syndication (reruns). Although the price per episode drops dramatically (to around $100k), the number of times it is broadcast adds up to real profits.

STUDIOS: Develop with production companies, finance and own TV shows.

NETWORKS: These are distribution media who are often owned by parent studios, whose production arms feed the network chain. Since the parent networks don’t always distribute TV shows from their parent studios, they can sell them to other networks. “Two And A Half Men” is produced by Warner yet screened on CBS.

There are six major networks in the U.S which control the lion’s share of the scripted television market: ABC-Disney, CBS, Time Warner, NBC-Comcast, Newscorp (Fox), Sony TV is a production house which doesn’t have own a network due to foreign ownership laws in the U.S.

The influence of Web TV is still an unknown quantity. Despite its spluttering start, it still isn’t largely profitable yet, but is expected to make a bigger dent in the marketplace as cable TV subscriptions continue to fall in the U.S.

How Pitchfests Can Benefit Your Screenwriting Career

If you’re looking to sell your story, script or sign with a major agency at any pitchfest, click away now.

Pitchfests are educational and networking tools designed to help screenwriters improve their craft through workshops and seminars. You can learn about the machinations and vagaries of the entertainment industry by networking with other writers and industry professionals to get on the pulse of what’s hot and what’s not.

In terms of expectation management at pitchfests, the best you can hope for is a script read request. Getting read is the writer’s equivalent of winning a bit part in a movie; another step closer to your final destination.

Used wisely, pitchfests can be highly beneficial to your career. When your pitching time comes, may I recommend practicing as much as you can to hone your pitch. Practice either in a pitching bootcamp or to other writers in line.

Choose your pitchees wisely. Many writers target the big agencies and production companies in the misguided belief that they have a greater chance of selling their projects. However, big companies often team up with smaller companies when looking for newer, edgier, cheaper writers.

Be aware that the larger companies often send their interns and lower end creative executives to pitchfests scouring for quality material. Sadly, Ari Gold won’t be there.

Research all the companies attending well in advance and target those producing material potentially resembling yours.

Grade your target companies in preference. Start pitching to your tier 2 companies first thing in the morning. Pitch to your preferred tier 1 companies during mid morning when both you and pitchees are most alert and you’ve gotten over your anxiety.

Save the pitches to managers and agents until the afternoon. This is a wise strategy since you can relay any interest from production companies to them.

Always ask to leave a one sheet with pitchees. Ensure it contains the event name so they remember where they met you, title, genre and synopsis (1-2 paragraphs). Don’t forgot your name, address, telephone  and email address.

If someone is genuinely interested in your script, they’ll give you their business card and ask you to call them (or their assistant) on Monday morning. Follow these instructions and ask for an appropriate follow up time frame; a week? a month?

Be affable, but not overly familiar with them. I find it creepy when people invade my personal space and interrogate me about my weekend. Or worse, when they seem to know everything about my life.

I’ve been offered spritzes, water, gum, back rubs and hand sanitizer in pitchfests. Sometimes I accept, mostly I don’t, but I always appreciate the gesture. Share a deep inhale/ exhale or stretch with them before launching into your pitch. Their minds are buzzing and they can’t tune in nor remember every pitch.

Compare your pitches to critically and/or commercially successful films. Be focused, be confident and graciously accept feedback. “Not for us” means exactly that.

Silence is not always a bad sign. They’re processing. Let them do as much talking as possible.

Avoid costumes, props or other gimmicks. Artwork is appropriate for comic book/ graphic novel style films where it really is a visual aid.

Overall, pitchfests should be added to your cache of networking tools. It’s another chance for you to make an impression on the industry. Make it count.

Chat to as many participants as possible in the post-pitching network events. Buy them a drink. Offer them gum. I remember my first pitchfest and I was patiently waiting to speaking to agent from CAA as a desperate writer wasn’t going to let him leave until his pitch was finished.  When it was my turn, I said “hearing another pitch is probably the last thing you need, so let’s talk about the industry”. He smiled in appreciation and we got chatting. The said desperate writer was jealously hovering around to determine how I was able to keep his attention longer than him. I graciously thanked the agent and worked the room to allow others to speak to him.

Be cool. Be yourself.

The Empowerment Of Screenwriters

The entertainment industry is a high risk, high capital investment. Nat Mundel from Voyage Media shares his insights on how the apparent throttling of the film industry. Gone are the days where writers just wrote and all the business aspects were handles by their agents and managers. Granted, agents and managers still ink the deals, but writers are becoming more business savvy by definition.

You too, should build up your personal team to get your project off the ground. The market is crowded with dwindling opportunities, so make yours stand out since not all opportunities are created equal.

In the past, studios and networks had internal development and packaging departments. Following the brutal downsizing still taking place, many of these tasks have outsourced. The top executives are only dealing with A-list talent, so a vacuum has been created in  “indie” projects. This void has been filled by writers which means greater creative and financial control for us.

The first step is CREATIVE DEVELOPMENT. Make your project relevant to the marketplace.

PACKAGING is the strategic process of aligning business, management and talent to get your project made.

Writers are advised to bring in as many elements as early as possible. Even if certain elements drop of or change, they will still carry some momentum of your project. The more time you invest in your project, the greater the likelihood of success. Tell all your actor friends about it, use social media to build up a following, host PR events, talk about it at networking events.

The mind boggles with the amount of freedom that has been released at this monumental time in film history. Use it constructively or perish.

Turn Your Career Weaknesses Into Strengths

More inspiration from producer/ career consultant Suzanne Lyons:

1) YOU WANT CURVES? TRY THE LEARNING CURVE!

Back in the mid-80s I was one of the first women in TV to break the glass ceiling, and at 29 I was a VP. I’m not saying I wasn’t terrified, I was, but I wanted the challenge. What I noticed is that the more at risk I was… the more challenging the job, the more I came face to face with the areas where I was weak. Put yourself at risk like that. It’s like putting yourself under a magnifying glass. You will see clearly the areas that need attention… the areas that need to be strengthened.

2) SPEND 5% OF YOUR INCOME ON PERSONAL AND PROFESSIONAL GROWTH

At 29 in the mid-80s I knew I wasn’t trained to be in management. But instead of shrinking from the opportunity and the responsibility I looked for workshops, books, mentors… anything and anyone that would help me grow. I’d heard that professional business people put aside a percentage of their income for this purpose, so I invested time and money into programs like self-assertive training, stress management seminars, time management courses, and other workshops that pinpointed the areas that were my weakest.

3) WHO’S IN CHARGE HERE?

I’m very present to people’s fears and just how frequently we let our fears get in the way of our goals and dreams. The coaches and I encourage the participants to take on big goals and we see each student as bigger than who they see themselves to be. This often pushes them right up against their fears. But, when they get that they are the one in charge of their life and that they get to say the way it’s going to be, it helps the fear dissolve and allows them to step into the bigger picture. Maryanne Williamson said it best in her quote “Your playing small doesn’t serve the world… we are born to manifest the glory that is within us.”

4) COMPLAINTS… WHAT DO THEY REALLY MEAN?

My coach used to say that if I complained about something more than once (which I did with frequency) I was doing it to get off the hook. Of course I argued with her, but the more that I started to notice it and catch myself complaining about one thing or another, the more I realized I was using it as a crutch. I didn’t have to move forward, or get bigger, or risk or take on whatever that new challenge was, because I could stay stuck in my complaint. The interesting thing was that I used to look for agreement to help justify my complaint (my opinion) and I’d always find it. I’d make sure I had people around me who agreed with me, which unfortunately only perpetuated my story of what was wrong, what wasn’t working, putting the spotlight on the drama, keeping me stuck and playing small. Look to see where you might be doing that.

5) PERCEPTION IS EVERYTHING

There is a great quote that explains this one perfectly, “The way you choose to see the world creates the world you see.” Start to watch how quickly you jump to a decision about someone or something without thinking… really thinking. Just begin to observe and listen to yourself next time it happens.

6) WHAT STORY ARE YOU TELLING?

Is the story you’re telling empowering you or disempowering?… Is it positive or negative?… Is it inspiring or discouraging? I think for the most part we’re not really aware of just how much and how frequently we tell the story of what’s not working, what’s wrong, what I can’t do, what they did to me, etc. Begin listening to yourself and if the story you are telling is not empowering you, stop, or put a new spin on it and make it empowering! This is an incredible exercise. You’ll love it.

7) IDENTIFY AND MAKE NOTE OF YOUR WEAK AREAS

Author Jim Collins, in his book “Good to Great,” talks about disciplined thought. He suggests that we need to “have the discipline to confront the most brutal facts of our current reality, whatever they might be.” I realize his book is about and for companies, but I believe each of us is a business, especially here in the entertainment industry. We are the president of our company and it’s important that we look for and identify our weak areas. What are those areas for you?

8) GET BIGGER… IT’S WORTH IT

Oddly enough the bigger you get, the more unwilling you are to argue for your limitations. Years ago I took on a three month volunteer role of having 300 people at a huge satellite event about ending hunger. Taking on something that challenging had me come face to face with my shortcomings. But I didn’t run from them or cover them up. The event and the purpose of the event was bigger than me and bigger than my fears and insecurities, so to rise to the occasion I had to face those weak areas… lack of confidence, time management issues, fear of failure, leadership concerns and more. I faced them, worked on them and got bigger.

9) THE BIG PICTURE

Another take on Tip #8 is to look at the big picture in all areas of your life. One of the tools I use personally and that I teach in my “Creating Your Best Year Ever” workshop is a Vision Board. Use pictures, images, drawings, symbols, anything you want that will help you focus on your dreams, vision, purpose and desires. When you stand in your commitments and desires you are far more willing to take on getting bigger… it becomes a natural effortless process. As speaker and author Chuck Gallozzi said “Once we yield to this inclination for continuous and never-ending improvement, we lead a life of endless accomplishments and satisfaction.”

10) TRUST YOUR INSTINCTS

I know you’ve heard this a million times. I’ve heard it a million times too, but it’s only been in the last couple of years that I’ve tried it and guess what… it works. You know in your heart where you need and want to expand and grow. Start paying attention to your instincts, to your feelings, to your gut response. We were born with a perfect guidance system, I think we’ve just forgotten how to use it. Get back in touch with it… breathe, meditate, visualize, relax, take a time-out for yourself. As poet George Bernard Shaw said “Life is no ‘brief candle’ for me. It is a sort of splendid torch which I have got hold of for the moment, and I want to make it burn as brightly as possible before handing it on to future generations.” So strengthen your weakness and have the brilliant magnificent life you are meant to have.

Aristotle’s Poetics

Here’s a history lesson from the Greek godfather of dramatic theory:

MIMESIS – imitation, representation, re-enactment
CATHARSIS – cleansing, purgation, purification, clarification
PERIPETEIA – reversal, adventure
ANAGNORISIS – recognition, identification
HAMARTIA miscalculation , sin (tragic flaw)

Drama contains six key elements. Comedy and tragedy both contain the same elements only organized in a difference way.

MYTHOS (plot) How are actions sequenced? They should evoke fear, pity or laughter and should involved a reversal of fortune for the protagonist.

ETHOS (character) Ideally the protogonist should respond to a misfortune (active) rather than to events along the way (passive). Main characters should be good or relatable, appropriate to undertake their journey and consistent.

DIANOIA (thought) Through action and dialogue, characters can explain their motivation and plot.

LEXIS (dialogue) Characters explain their morality, thoughts and action through word.

MELOS (melody) The background chorus singing, chanting or speaking the morality and dilemma of the story.

OPSIS (spectacle) The visual coda (set design) of the story. Aristotle considered this to be the least artistic element of storytelling.

Pacing Your Script

Here are some pearls of screenwriting wisdom from Mike Kucink about story pacing.

Scripts from newer writers tend to be slower reads. Have faith in your story. Not everything needs to be fully explained and repeated. The reader gets it.

DENSITY

Screenplays are about story beats and moments. They are an emotional and visual experience. Keep each paragraph below four lines. Mirror the read with the corresponding action. Make slow, cerebral sequences a slower read and crank up those car chases.

LENGTH

The typical Hollywood script is 90-105 pages. The lower range applies to horror/comedy and the upper range to thriller and action.

FOCUS

Know what your story is really about. Ensure the B story serves the A story and they intersect throughout the script to create a satisfying whole.

GET IN AND GET OUT

Think of each scene as a burning house. You run in, take the bare minimum and leave. Ultimately this relates to story focus.

UNNECESSARY DETAIL

This isn’t just about extreme description, but story beats as well. If they don’t service the main plot, cut them out.

STUTTER BEATS

Each scene must build up to a climax. Stutter beats are scenes too similar to other scenes. They don’t progress the plot.

STRUCTURE

If there isn’t enough story, perhaps your perceived first turning point is really the inciting incident. Don’t add scenes just to fill the page. The reader will catch on quickly and lose interest.

DIALOGUE

Avoid repetition unless it’s integral to the story. Don’t writer idle chatter or dialogue which inefficiently advances the plot. Unless the idle chatter is a stylistic device such as discussing what a “Royale” burger is.

Can Heroes Be Villains?

In classic storytelling, the hero (protagonist) and villain (antagonist) are diametrically opposed in goals. The role of the villain is to thwart the hero, but the hero wins out in the end.

The lines between the two characters are becoming increasingly blurred in contemporary cinema to reflect the increasing complexity of life. The hero isn’t absolutely good (flaw) and the villain isn’t absolutely bad. Despite the predominant characteristics in each, there is overlap. And this overlap is increasing to give heroes extensive negative traits (anti-hero) and the villain positive ones despite their relentless wreaking havoc. These permutations ultimately make more interesting characters.

Firstly, it’s important to establish the values and moral code of the villain. Where are they coming from? What is their motivation? Religious zealots are a prime example. They veritably cause untold destruction for the greater good.

There is often confusion whether the protagonist must always be a hero. In some respects yes, but protagonists can be criminals and villains.

Deep down we all want break social norms and secretly root for the villains. Nobody likes a goody two shoes. People who always follow the rules aren’t remembered nor do they change the world.

Villains vary greatly in degree according to genre. Consider a villain in a romantic comedy trying to prevent two people falling in love by any means possible, so that they can find their true loves. Conversely, consider the Joker in Batman and other action thrillers.

In answer to our question, a hero can be a villain, usually by how they impact a community. In a previous post, I claimed that villains are the dark side of the heroes. Both ultimately want the same thing and are antithetical components of the same character.

How Film Studio Readers Work?

There are many types of readers ranging from story analysts who evaluate the concept to script analysts who evaluate the structural components of the story.

Studio readers must keep track of literary properties the studio already owns and also of incoming new projects; so there is plenty of reading and monitoring to be done.

Typically there are 4-6 pages of extended coverage addressing the various story components including character, concept, dialogue and plot. Oftentimes, there are also an additional 6-7 pages of development notes telling the writer how to improve the script.

Studio coverage differs from standard coverage in that synopses and summaries are the norm. Creative executives prefer to read summaries than full scripts.

Studio Readers are part of the Screen Editors’ Guild; a difficult club to get into. However, the pay is higher and you often read pre-sorted scripts.

There is no efficient way to determine if a script is good or bad other than reading it. Seasoned readers can sense a quality script in the first page or so they say. Over 90% of scripts score a pass. Some a poor, but most are in the nebulous middle. That means, most submitted scripts are average. At the very least, scripts from new writers need to be average average to get noticed.

The common route to being a script reader/ story analyst is via internships. Everyone is on the lookout for the next hit, so most prestigious production companies have internships for new readers. It helps develop your story craft, provides valuable experience for those seeking a career in creative development and helps improve your own writing because you read so many scripts.

Round Up Your Achievements for 2011

Here’s what Suzanne Lyons had to say to make us all feel better:

1) TAKING STOCK:

Take a thorough serious look at your year. Go through your calendar, day timer, diary, etc. See where you are out of communication, out of touch, and out of integrity with colleagues, family and friends. Make a complete list.

2) COMMUNICATION:

Take your list and write up what you would need todo or say to clean things up (to be complete). I am not saying that you have to take the actions. You can take the actions if you want to, but often just the act of acknowledging what is incomplete will have the issue disappear, or at least make it manageable.

3) YEAR END REVIEW:

Go back through your year and take note of all the projects, areas and anything from your “To Do” list that is incomplete or unfinished.

4) BEING COMPLETE:

Take the above items and write out what actions you could take to be finished or be complete. It is up to you whether or not you take the actions, but once again in order to be complete with 2011 it is important to take note of the above and acknowledge what is left unfinished.

5) ACCOMPLISHMENT:

Go through your year again and this time make a list of all of your accomplishments…no matter how small you think some of them might be. All too often we focus on what’s wrong, what we didn’t get done or what we should have done. So now I want you to focus on everything you accomplished. Claim it! Be proud of it! Take joy and pleasure in it!

6) ACKNOWLEDGEMENT:

There are two sides to this one. Giving and receiving. Both are very important and both are missing in our culture. And it is all part of being complete. In all of 2011, what would you like to be acknowledged for. For example, “I would like to be acknowledged for sticking to my weekly exercise program.” Write out a list of all the things you want to be acknowledged for and share it with a friend.

7) ACKNOWLEDGING OTHERS:

Who do you want to acknowledge? Make a list and include the acknowledgement in your holiday cards, calls and emails. Acknowledge not only what they did, but also who they are for you and the difference they have made in your life.

8) EXPECTATIONS:

A friend of mine once said that “human beings are walking expectations just waiting to be unfulfilled”. So that said, what about going into the holiday season with your friends and family with absolutely no expectations at all! Just allow them to do what they do and be who they be and have no reaction. Just keep falling in love with them over and over again no matter what. Wouldn’t that be a fun adventure to take on for the holidays?

9) APPRECIATION AND GRATITUDE:

There is a great quote by Melody Beattie where she says that “Gratitude unlocks the fullness of life. It turns what we have into enough, and more. It turns denial into acceptance, chaos to order, confusion to clarity. Gratitude makes sense of our past, brings peace for today, and creates a vision for tomorrow.” Create a list of all the wonderful things you appreciate and are grateful for. Come up with at least 50! Look at this list everyday and keep adding to it.

10) CONTRIBUTION:

Since this is the season for giving, the greatest gift you can give is yourself….your time, your love, your kind words, your ongoing commitment to be an example for humanity…bringing excitement, possibility, joy, love and passion to everything you do and everyone you touch!

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